A useful hypothesis predicts a relationship that the planned study can test. Define the variables and population before deciding how to phrase the expectation.
A practical starting point
Check that the data and design can address the claim. Replace causal language when the method only supports an association.
Understand the task
A hypothesis states a testable expectation about a relationship or difference. Define the variables clearly and identify the population or setting. The wording should make it possible to decide what evidence would support or challenge it.
Develop the reasoning
Build the expectation from theory or prior findings rather than guessing a result. Explain the reasoning and distinguish a directional claim from one that predicts a difference without specifying its direction.
Use evidence carefully
Match the hypothesis to the design and measurement. A study cannot test a concept that its data do not capture. Consider confounding factors and avoid causal wording where the design only supports an association.
Review the finished work
Report the findings without treating failure to reject a null hypothesis as proof that no effect exists. Discuss uncertainty and the limits of the test. Keep exploratory observations separate from the original hypothesis.
Before you submit
- Check the brief and marking criteria for this task.
- Confirm the source and date of each factual claim.
- Review the argument before making the final language checks.
- Keep the final file and any submission confirmation.
Support for UK students
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