A computer system combines hardware and software to receive, process, store and communicate data. People and procedures may also form part of the wider system being analysed. The useful definition depends on the level of the question: a processor, an application and an organisational information system are different scopes.
Identify the system boundary
State what you are describing and what lies outside it. A personal computer might be discussed through its processor, memory, storage and input/output devices. An information system may include users, networks and work processes. Avoid moving between these scopes without explanation, because it can make a simple description seem contradictory.
Follow the path of data
Input brings data or instructions into the system. Processing performs operations according to software, storage retains data and output makes results available. These functions can interact rather than occur once in a rigid sequence. Explain the example you use, such as editing a document, in terms of the relevant data and operations.
Distinguish memory from long-term storage
Working memory and persistent storage have different roles. A file saved to storage and data currently used by a program are not identical states. Avoid claiming that closing every application deletes its saved files. Use the terminology expected by the module and explain which component is being discussed.
Describe hardware and software together
Hardware needs instructions, while software depends on suitable hardware and supporting system services. Consider the role of the operating system at the level required by the question. A list of component names is less informative than an explanation of how they cooperate to perform one task.
Evaluate the system against its purpose
For an assignment comparison, consider requirements such as workload, reliability, accessibility and maintainability. Do not describe one component as universally best without defining the use. Explain limitations and sources for technical claims. A clear conclusion relates the components and their interactions to the problem the system must solve.
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